Describe active versus passive immunity and provide an example of each. Define antibody or immunoglobulin and describe the five molecular classes of immunoglobulins and their function(s) in the body by providing a pathologic example for an increase of each immunoglobulin (e.g., IgE—parasitic infection). Why are some viruses inaccessible to antibodies after initial infection?
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Write My Essay For MeAdvanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Active immunity also known as natural or acquired immunity occurs when the body is exposed to an antigen and responds by developing an adaptive immune response, which may take days or weeks to | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | is the body’s immunity to | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | when an individual is given the antibodies to a particular disease rather than producing them themselves (Miller, 2017). For instance, a newborn baby develops immunity from her mother through the placenta.
An antibody is a class of blood protein, also referred to as immunoglobin (Ig), which is produced as a way to counteract harmful antigens (such as fungi, parasites, bacteria, viruses) and | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | five classes of immunoglobins (namely: IgG, IgA, IgD, IgM 5, and IgE), all of which have various | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | is responsible for the secondary response while the IgM is responsible for the primary | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | protects the mucus membranes, the IgE protects against parasites, while the IgD has no known function.
Antibodies work by recognizing and adhering to the specific proteins found on the surfaces of bacteria | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | the body encounters a microbe, during initial infection, the immune cells immediately produce antibodies that are specific to the proteins associated with that particular | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | viruses may be inaccessible to antibodies because the body is unable to identify the proteins making up the pathogen. As a result, the body cannot produce the proteins needed to digest and destroy the virus | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | scenario that occurs in individuals with very little or poor-quality | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | they may produce antibodies, their immunity is not as effective as it needs to be to fight off the infection and other severe symptoms associated with the pathogen.
References
Kumar, H., & Bot, A. (2017). In this issue: Antibodies in pathogenesis and management of diseases. http://home.iiserb.ac.in/~hkumar/pdf/Vol%2036%20Issue%201.pdf
Miller, E. M. (2017). Beyond passive immunity: Breastfeeding, milk, and collaborative mother-infant immune systems. In Breastfeeding (pp. 26-39). Routledge.
Pedreño, M., Sepúlveda, M., Armangué, T., Sabater, L., Martínez-Hernandez, E., Arrambide, G., … & Sola-Valls, N. (2019). Frequency and relevance of IgM, and IgA antibodies against MOG in MOG-IgG-associated disease. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 28, 230-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.01.007
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