HOMEWORK GUIDE | Post a description of the history that you need to obtain from the patient in the case study.

Urinary frequency is a genitourinary disorder that presents problems for adults across the lifespan. It can be the result of various systemic disorders such as diabetes, urinary tract infections, enlarged prostates, kidney infections, or prostate cancer. Many of these disorders have very serious implications requiring thorough patient evaluations. When evaluating patients, it is essential to carefully assess the patient’s personal, medical, and family history prior to recommending certain physical exams and diagnostic testing, as sometimes the benefits of these exams do not outweigh the risks. In this Discussion, you examine a case study of a patient presenting with urinary frequency. Based on the provided patient information, how would you diagnose and treat the patient?

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Consider the following case study:

A 52-year-old African American male presents to an urgent care center complaining of urinary frequency and nocturia. The symptoms have been present for several months and have increased in frequency over the past week. He has been unable to sleep because of the need to urinate at least hourly all day and night. He does not have a primary care provider and has not seen a doctor in more than 10 years. His father died when he was a child in an automobile accident, and his mother is 79 years old and has hypertension. The patient has no siblings. His social history includes the following: banker by profession, divorced father of two grown children, non-smoker, and occasionally consumes alcohol on weekends only.

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Post a description of the history that you need to obtain from the patient in the case study. Include a list of questions that you might ask the patient. Then, describe types of physical exams and diagnostics that might be appropriate for evaluation of the patient. Finally, explain a possible diagnosis, as well as potential treatment options for the patient based on this diagnosis.

SAMPLE SOLUTION

Personal, Medical, and Family History

Urinary frequency is one of the major genitourinary disorders that affects the older adults. The disease is associated with various several systemic disorders including urinary tract infection, prostate cancer, diabetes, kidney infections, and enlarged prostrates (Chang, 2017). If left unattended, Urinary frequency poses serious threats to patients. Therefore, there is a need for serious evaluation of patient’s personal, medical, and family history before establishing the need for certain diagnostic exams and tests. By understanding patients’ history, the care provider is always sure that the diagnosis and treatment provided are appropriate and effective. The patient under review has not been seen in at least ten years, therefore, gathering a thorough medical, health, and personal history will be critical in determining the best diagnostic tests and exams. In this case, the patient’s lifestyle, previous medical conditions, and urinary habits must be discussed.

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The following questions will be appropriate about the patient’s symptoms, medical and family history:

• Do you have difficulty urinating?
• Have you ever experienced blood in your urine?
• Do you strain to push urine?
• How much water do you take in a day?
• Do you notice any abnormal discharge from your penis?
• Do you experience dribbling after urinating?
• Did your symptoms develop gradually or suddenly?
• How many sexual partners have you had in the past?
• Do you experience incontinence?
• Do you have a family history of bladder cancer or prostate cancer?
• Does anyone in your family have prostate or urinary problems?

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Physical Exams and Diagnostics Upon thorough examination, I will palpate the patient’s bladder and lower abdomen to assess for fullness, tenderness, or masses. In addition, appropriate physical examination would focus on the GU system. Usually, a patient undergoing any urethral discharge will be tested for various conditions including STIs and prostate cancer. Therefore, it would be necessary to conduct rectal examination to analyze the size and consistency of the prostate and rectal tone. The patient will also undergo costovertebral angle to determine tenderness, while…