ASSIGNMENT HELP | Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.

Cellulitis
A 42-year-old man comes to clinic with chief complaint of pain, redness, and swelling of his right calf. He states that he had been working in his yard using a string trimmer when the trimmer slipped and cut his leg. He cleaned the wound with water from the garden hose and covered the wound with a large Band-Aid. Several days later, he developed fever to 100.6˚ F and chills and noticed that his leg was swollen and red. He comes to the emergency department for definitive care.

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Develop a 1-page case study analysis in which you:
• Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.
• Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
• Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.

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Answer
The case scenario is Cellulitis
A subsequent denser genome scan with the HMA250K array supported the 3q22 locus, in which several SNPs in the promoter of AGTR1 (Angiotensin II receptor type I) suggestively associated with erysipelas/cellulitis susceptibility. Specific host genetic factors may cause erysipelas/cellulitis susceptibility in humans
cellulitis appears as a red, swollen, and painful area of skin that is warm and tender to the touch. The skin may look pitted, like the peel of an orange, or blisters may appear on the affected skin. Some people may also develop fever and chills. Cellulitis can appear anywhere on the body, but it is most common on the feet and legs.
Breaks in the Skin Allow Bacteria to Enter
Anyone can get cellulitis, but some factors can increase the risk of getting this infection. The following are risk factors because they allow bacteria to get through the skin:

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• Injuries that cause a break in the skin (like cuts, ulcers, bites, puncture wounds, tattoos, piercings)
Reading
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
• Chapter 1: Cellular Biology; Summary Review
• Chapter 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents(pp. 46-61; begin again with Manifestations of Cellular Injury pp. 83-97); Summary Review
• Chapter 3: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids, and Bases,
• Chapter 4: Genes and Genetic Diseases (stop at Elements of formal genetics); Summary Review
• Chapter 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases (stop at Genetics of common diseases); Summary Review
• Chapter 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
• Chapter 8: Adaptive Immunity (stop at Generation of clonal diversity); Summary Review
• Chapter 9: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation (stop at Deficiencies in immunity); Summary Review
• Chapter 10: Infection (stop at Infectious parasites and protozoans); (start at HIV); Summary Review
• Chapter 11: Stress and Disease (stop at Stress, illness & coping); Summary Review
• Chapter 12: Cancer Biology (stop at Resistance to destruction); Summary Review
• Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology (stop at Environmental-Lifestyle factors); Summary Review
_Rubric

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Excellent Good Fair Poor
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:

Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described. 28 (28%) – 30 (30%)
The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms.

The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed reasons, with explanation for the symptoms supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. 25 (25%) – 27 (27%)
The response describes the patient symptoms.

The response includes accurate reasons, with explanation for the symptoms supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. 23 (23%) – 24 (24%)
The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague or inaccurate.

The response includes reasons for the symptoms, with explanations that are vague or based on inappropriate evidence/research. 0 (0%) – 22 (22%)
The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague and inaccurate, or the description is missing.

The response does not include reasons for the symptoms, or the explanations are vague or based on inappropriate or no evidence/research.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease. 23 (23%) – 25 (25%)
The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease. 20 (20%) – 22 (22%)
The response includes an accurate analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease. 18 (18%) – 19 (19%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease. 0 (0%) – 17 (17%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease is missing.
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems. 28 (28%) – 30 (30%)
The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems. 25 (25%) – 27 (27%)
The response includes an accurate explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems. 23 (23%) – 24 (24%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems. 0 (0%) – 17 (17%)
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet are brief and not descriptive. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.

No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided.
Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.

SAMPLE SOLUTION

Cellulitis

The symptoms presented, including pain, redness, swelling of the right calf, and fever are | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | by the trimmer, the broken skin was exposed to bacteria, possibly staphylococcus or streptococcus. This led to the accumulation of neutrophils and other cells at the | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | were then produced and keratinocytes spread across the site, producing the symptoms characterizing cellulitis (Vijayalakshmi & Ganapathy, 2016).

Cellulitis is a serious bacterial skin infection, causing the skin to appear | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | feels warm on touch and is painful. It is common in the lower legs but can as well occur in the arms, face, and other | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | the skin is broken or cracked allowing bacteria to enter. If not treated, the condition may spread to the bloodstream and the lymphatic system and quickly become life-threatening.

One of the genes associated with cellulitis is the tumor | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | endothelial cells and epidermal keratinocytes. It induces its cytotoxic effects partly due to the degranulation of neutrophils and through activation of DNAase. The result is fragmentation of the DNA and cell lysis (Giudice et al., 2018).

Immunosuppression is the dampening of the innate ability of the body to prevent infection | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | a disease targets the immune system or due to certain pharmaceutical agents used in the fight against certain conditions. In other instances, immunosuppression is induced deliberately for reasons such as therapeutic interventions like organ | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | of immunosuppression are many and include increased likelihood of contracting infections, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting, trembling of the body, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and … | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com |

References

Cranendonk, D. R., Lavrijsen, A. P. M., Prins, J. M., & Wiersinga, W. J. (2017). Cellulitis: current insights into pathophysiology and clinical management. Neth J Med, 75(9), 366-78.

Giudice, P. D., Plainvert, C., Hubiche, T., Tazi, A., Fribourg, A., & Poyart, C. (2018). Infectious cellulitis caused by Streptococcus halichoeri. Acta dermato-venereologica, 98(3-4), 378-379.

Li, L., Yu, R., Cai, T., Chen, Z., Lan, M., Zou, T., … & Cai, Y. (2020). Effects of immune cells and cytokines on inflammation and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. International Immunopharmacology, 88, 106939.

Vijayalakshmi, B., & Ganapathy, D. (2016). Medical management of cellulitis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 9(11), 2067-70.