ESSAY HELP | Physiology: Signature Assignment

For your signature assignment, compose a 3- to 4-page case analysis (in addition to a title, abstract, and a reference page) written in APA format with at least 3 references, with one non-Internet reference.
The following should be covered in the paper:

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• Title page: Case title, full name, section, date, instructor, and campus
• Abstract: Summarize the case.
• Introduction: Explain the physiological importance of the liver, pancreas, and
kidneys for the proper functioning of the human body.
• Body: Respond to the prompts. Organize your analysis with headings that
thoroughly answer the prompts (e.g., “Calcium and Sodium Imbalance” should be
the heading for question 1).
• Conclusion: Summarize the paper in a paragraph.
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Rev 12-17-17
End-Stage Kidney Disease
Sarah, a 63-year-old female with a past medical history significant for diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, gout, and a 30-pack a year smoking history presents to the emergency room with chest pain revealing pericarditis in the echocardiogram, secondary to recently diagnosed end-stage renal disease. Physical examination reveals yellowish discoloration to the skin and sclera, multiple bruises, 2+ bilateral edema, and weakness lasting more than three weeks. Her medications include Glisten, a new drug for diabetes that causes ATP sensitive potassium channels to close, thereby releasing insulin. Her recent laboratory results are as follows:

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CBC
Sodium
126 mEq/L
Glucose
220 mmol/L
Calcium
7.1 mg/dl
Red blood cell count
3.9 cells/ul
Vitals
Blood Pressure
92/64 mmHg
Blood Gases
pH
7.28
CO2
30 mmHg
HCO3
12 mmol/L
Hormone Panel
Renin
Low
ADH
Elevated
Aldosterone
Low
Vitamins
Vit D
Low
Vit K
Low
Vit E
Low
Vit A
Low
Urine and Stool Sample
Stool color
Gray
Stool content
Increased Fat Content
Urine color
White
Rev 12-17-17

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Please address each of the following regarding Sarah’s case:
1. Explain the cause for her low calcium and sodium levels.
2. Explain the cause of her anemia. What laboratory test should indicate she is suffering from anemia?
3. Explain the cause of her hypotension. How will her body attempt to establish homeostasis?
4. What type of acid-base disorder has she developed, and how will her body compensate?
5. Explain the cause of her elevated ADH and glucose levels.
6. What is the correlation between her illnesses and the low vitamins (D, K, E, and A), renin, and aldosterone levels?
7. Which hormone would the body elevate in response to her low calcium levels?
Why? | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com |
8. Explain the physiological reason behind her physical findings (yellowish hint of the skin, sclera, multiple bruises, weakness, and edema).
9. Explain the cause of her abnormal stool and urine sample.
10. What cell does Glisten work on? Explain how this medication is able to stimulate insulin secretion.

SAMPLE SOLUTION

Abstract

This essay focuses on the case of a 63-year-old female with a history of diabetes, cirrhosis, gout as well as a habit of | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | emergency room examination shows that she has chest pain which shows presence of pericarditis as well as the end stage renal disease. She also exhibits yellow discoloration on the skin, many forms of bruises and | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | reports being weak and 2+ edema. The medications given include Glisten which results in potassium channels that are ATP sensitive hence releasing insulin.

Introduction

The liver, pancreas and the kidney are critical organs necessary for suitable functioning | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | functions of the liver include body metabolism, storage of glycogen, synthesis of plasma proteins and the production of bile which is used in digestion | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | an organ within the abdomen with the role of converting food to energy for body cells. It helps in food digestion and regulation of blood sugar. Additionally, kidney is important in filtering waste products that are | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | for production of erythropoietin that stimulates synthesis of red blood synthesis and renin used in controlling salt levels, water and blood pressure.

Calcium and Sodium Imbalance

The laboratory tests show that the levels of calcium and sodium are low owing to the elevated antidiuretic hormone levels. ADHD can also be referred to as arginine vasopressin which is composed of hypothalamus within the brain and stored in pituitary gland which controls how much water to be conserved by | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | presented herein, the patient has very little sodium for the fluid contained in the body. The excess fluid means that sodium is diluted.

On the other hand, hypocalcemia happens when there is a lot of calcium lost within the urine or in cases when there is no enough calcium moving from the bones to | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | of deficiency in the levels of vitamin D and calcium dysfunction that leads to more calcium being released within the urine and eventually subjecting the kidney to lose the ability to have vitamin D activated.

Causes of The Patient’s Anemia and Laboratory Tests to Show Presence of Anemia The main cause of her anemia is from her damaged kidney which is | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | to produce sufficient levels of | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | are suddenly not enough and hence make the amount of red blood | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | becomes anemic. To show that Sarah is indeed suffering from anemia, it is important to evaluate the laboratory results especially on the low red blood cells. Another test is to use the bone marrow…