ESSAY : Homeland Security Research and Writing

Write an example of a threat to internal validity for each of the following:
History-

Instrumentation-

Attrition-

Selection-

Maturation-

Give an example of each type of external validity-
Population-

Ecological-

Temporal-

Treatment Variation-

Outcome-

SAMPLE SOLUTION

Internal and external validity are difficult aspects for any researcher to realize. In order for one to make conclusions about the relationship between the dependent and independent variables with minimal bias, any research must have high internal validity. To realize this therefore, it is important that any study start by recognizing some of the internal and external validity threats and also highlight some of the common examples of such threats.
History – This is an unplanned event that is not related to the intervention that has an effect on an outcome. An example is a terrorist attack that comes in between a study to test the effectiveness of a new treatment of mental disorder.
Instrumentation – This refers to probable changes to calibration of an instrument or….