ASSIGNMENT HELP | Elaborate on the difference between primary and secondary Parkinson’s disease

Assignment:

Write a 2000-word APA formatted essay of the following topics:

Classify and differentiate at least four types of stroke
Elaborate on the difference between primary and secondary Parkinson’s disease
Summarize the five categories of pain. Discuss their pathways. Explain the etiology of chronic and acute pain
Explain the pathophysiology and common clinical manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus Type II
Assignment Expectations

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Length: 1500-2000 words; answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner.
Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA style. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment.
References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. Include at least fiver (5) scholarly sources to support your claims.
Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx).
dear writer this is the book to follow .McCance, K. A. & Huether, S.E. (2018). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Mosby. ISBN: 978032341320. Read Chapters 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, & 22.
thank you so much.

MODEL ANSWER

Four Types of Stroke

A stroke is a medical emergency that stops or interrupts the flow of blood to the brain causing damages to the brain tissues or their death. Strokes affect a person’s physical and emotional well-being and also impair their cognition and behavior. Strokes are responsible for high mortalities and disabilities | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | to 700,000 people die from strokes every year. There are various types of stroke including ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA, brain stem stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke.

An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot or other particles block the blood vessels supplying | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | be caused by fatty deposits called plaque which builds up in the blood vessels. Ischemic strokes account for over 80 percent of all stroke incidents in the world. the blood clots causing ischemic stroke cannot dissolve on their own without | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | stroke vary based the brain part affected. However, the common symptoms include confusion, loss of balance or poor coordination/ difficulty walking, dizziness, weakness of the face, legs, or arms often on one side of the body, and loss of vision or double vision. The risk factors for ischemic stroke include age, affecting mostly people over age 60, hypertension or heart disease, irregular heartbeat, smoking, and genetics (Gillen, 2015).

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary disruption of vessels supplying blood to the brain and does not cause lasting damage. The blood clot or blockage in the blood vessels dissolves on its own | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | often classified as a minor stroke, in most cases it is an antecedent to a full-blown stroke. Individuals should therefore be wary of it and take preventive measures. The risk factors for TIA include age, hypertension, smoking, obesity, atrial fibrillation, and family history of | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | of TIA include severe headache with no obvious cause, blindness in one or both eyes, dizziness, and difficulty in comprehension, slurred speech, and numbness on one side of the body.

Hemorrhagic stroke occurs due to the rupture of blood vessels in the brain spilling blood to the nearby brain cells which | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | stroke include injury to the brain, high blood pressure, abnormal blood vessels, or bleeding disorders. Two kinds of hemorrhagic stroke exist depending on where bleeding occurs. They are subarachnoid hemorrhage which occurs due to bleeding in-between the skull and the brain and intracerebral hemorrhage occurring due to bleeding inside the brain (Gillen, 2015). Common symptoms include extreme headache, confusion, blurred vision, passing out, and nausea. The risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include age, affecting people over 65 years, family history f strokes, smoke, unhealthy diets, obesity, and lack of exercise. 

Brain stem stroke occurs in the brain stem and can affect both sides | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | stroke can have complex symptoms making it difficult to diagnose. Common symptoms include vertigo, dizziness, and severe imbalance without the hallmark | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | occur together causing slurred speech, double vision, and decreased level of consciousness. Severe brain stem strokes can result in locked-in syndrome whereby a survivor can only move | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | this kind of stroke include blood clots, hemorrhage, arterial injuries, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation.

Elaborate on The Difference Between Primary and Secondary Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease is a condition affecting the brain characterized by stiffness, shaking, and difficulty with balance, coordination | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | appear gradually and increase with time. The condition results from the impairment or damage of  nerve cells or neurons in the brain part responsible for controlling movement. Neurons are responsible for the production of dopamine, which is a neurotransmitter, so when they are damaged or die, dopamine ceases to be produced affecting | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | categories of Parkinson’s disease: primary and secondary (Poewe et al., 2017).

Primary Parkinsonism or idiopathic Parkinson’s disease has no | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | Parkinson’s disease is the most prevalent, affecting about one percent of the | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | well to medication that replaces or increases the production of dopamine molecules in the brain. The common symptoms of primary Parkinsonism include tremors, postural instability, and stiffness of muscles, speech difficulties, and automatic movement loss (Poewe et al., 2017).

Secondary Parkinson’s disease occurs when similar symptoms to those of primary Parkinsonism are caused by some medicines, another nervous system disorder, or | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | caused by health problems such as brain injury, diffuse Lewy body disease, multiple system atrophy, meningitis, stroke, Wilson disease, HIV/AIDS, encephalitis, and progressive | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | of secondary Parkinsonism are carbon monoxide poisoning, narcotics overdose, brain damage caused by anesthesia drugs, and mercury poisoning. The common symptoms of secondary Parkinson’s disease include reduced facial expressions, soft speech, rigidity in legs, hands, and trunk, paralysis, tremor, and difficulty in starting and controlling movement. Although both primary and secondary Parkinson’s diseases are similar in their manifestations, the key difference is that individuals with secondary Parkinson’s disease respond adversely to dopaminergic | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | varieties of secondary Parkinson’s disease including vascular Parkinsonism, normal pressure hydrocephalus, drug-induced Parkinsonism, and corticobasal degeneration. Drug-induced Parkinsonism is caused by certain medication including antipsychotic drugs which may result in the development Parkinson’s disease symptoms. The symptoms may not be very different from those of the Parkinson’s disease…