Mandy is a 16-year-old competitive figure skater who practices several hours a day with her coach at the skating arena. Because of her extremely active lifestyle and restricted diet to maintain her athletic physique, she experiences ongoing amenorrhea. One day during practice, she landed a jump and fell to the ice in pain. Her left foot swelled up almost immediately, making it difficult for her coach to remove the skate. At the hospital, radiographs revealed a fracture of the fifth metatarsal bone and general radiolucency of all the bones in her foot. A follow-up DXA revealed a bone mass of 2.7 standard deviations below mean.
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Write My Essay For Me1. What is the etiology of Mandy’s premature osteoporosis, and how is her condition thought to contribute to a decrease in bone density?
2. Knowing what you do about bone mineralization, why does a deficiency of estrogen in women lead to osteoporotic change?
3. Osteoporosis and osteomalacia both involve abnormal bone mineralization. What are the general macroscopic differences of these two conditions?
MODEL ANSWER
Advanced Pathophysiology Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function – Developmental and Metabolic Disorders
Etiology of Mandy’s Premature Osteoporosis
The premature osteoporosis Mandy battles is the “female athlete | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | manifestation. According to Al et al. (2019), premature osteoporosis is extensively evident among female athletes considering increase in prevalence of amenorrhea and | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | women taking part in endurance sports, for example, swimming | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | where appearance is crucial like diving, figure skating, and gymnastics; or in weight category sports such as martial arts, rowing, and horse racing (Oheim et al., 2020). In this case, the “female athlete triad” involves disordered eating patterns, which result in amenorrhea, and end up becoming osteoporosis (Bhan et al., 2018). In combination …
The decrease estrogen levels combined with the lack of vitamin D and calcium from dietary deficiencies result in a bone density loss, and increase risk of bone | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | BMD would end up putting her at risk of bone fractures, especially during her competitive years. However, it is unclear whether amenorrhea-induced osteoporosis is reversible. Research shows that the presence of one or two elements of the triad significant increases the long-term morbidity risk among women in athletes are emerging (Oheim et al., 2020). Additionally, Mandy’s …
Knowing What You Do
Bone mineralization refers to the process by which the organic bone matrix full of calcium phosphate nanocrystals takes in a highly ordered, | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | of the process is facilitated by osteoblasts, and confined to the osteoblasts-producing organic | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | factors play a major role in osteoporosis development resulting in an imbalance in osteoblast and osteoclast activity (Al et al., 2019). Various factors seem to influence the increased bone mass loss associated with the deficiency of estrogen. Decreased…
As determined by Al et al. (2019), deficiency in estrogen also influences osteoclast differentiation | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | stimulated by estrogen, thus inhibits osteoclasts formation; it also influences the osteoclast precursor responsiveness to the receptor pathways. When there is deficiency in estrogen, inhibition in osteoclast production reduces or get lost. In turn, the manifestation of estrogen deficiency is evidenced by a cancellous bone loss, and predisposition to fractures (Oheim et al., 2020). The manifestation is attributed to the…
The General Macroscopic Differences
Osteoporosis refers to a metabolic done condition | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | complete loss of mineralized bone mass that caused increased skeleton porosity resulting in susceptibility to bone fractures | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | in people from all age group, and is attributed to numerous disorders. In most cases, however, osteoporosis is attributed to aging because of the imbalance between formation and bone resorption. Accordingly, the imbalance process takes place in the multicellular | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | density of the bone takes place if osteoclasts degrades the bone matrix faster compared to osteoblasts to rebuild the | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | is a major factor causing lower levels of estrogen, in addition to increased risk for osteoporosis among | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | factors include lack of exercise, genetics trouble, calcium deficiency, and malabsorption. On the other hand, Osteomalacia results in the softening of the bones, but do not comprise the loss …
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