Assessment 1 Instructions: Applying Ethical Principles

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·         https://courserooma.capella.edu/images/ci/icons/generic_updown.gifAssessment 1 Instructions

Develop a solution to a specific ethical dilemma faced by a health care professional by applying ethical principles. Describe the issues and a possible solution in a 3-5-page paper.

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Introduction

Whether you are a nurse, a public health professional, a health care administrator, or in another role in the health care field, you must base your decisions on a set of ethical principles and values. Your decisions must be fair, equitable, and defensible. Each discipline has established a professional code of ethics to guide ethical behavior. In this assessment, you will practice working through an ethical dilemma as described in a case study. Your practice will help you develop a method for formulating ethical decisions.

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

  • Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of health care.
    • Apply academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of the case.
    • Competency 3: Apply ethical principles and academic standards to the study of health care.
      • Summarize the facts in a case study and use the three components of an ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it.
      • Discuss the effectiveness of the communication approaches present in a case study.
      • Discuss the effectiveness of the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical practice in a case study.
      • Apply ethical principles to a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study.
    • Competency 4: Write for a specific audience, in appropriate tone and style, in accordance with Capella’s writing standards.
      • Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
      • Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.

Instructions

Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

For this assessment, develop a solution to a specific ethical dilemma faced by a health care professional. In your assessment:

  • Access the Ethical Case Studies media piece to review the case studies you may use for this assessment.
    • Select the case most closely related to your area of interest and use it to complete the assessment.
      • Note: The case study may not supply all of the information you need. In such cases, you should consider a variety of possibilities and infer potential conclusions. However, please be sure to identify any assumptions or speculations you make.
    • Summarize the facts in a case study and use the three components of an ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it.
      • Identify which case study you selected and briefly summarize the facts surrounding it. Identify the problem or issue that presents an ethical dilemma or challenge and describe that dilemma or challenge.
      • Identify who is involved or affected by the ethical problem or issue.
      • Access the Ethical Decision-Making Model media piece and use the three components of the ethical decision-making model (moral awareness, moral judgment, and ethical behavior) to analyze the ethical issues.
        • Apply the three components outlined in the Ethical Decision-Making Model media.
      • Analyze the factors that contributed to the ethical problem or issue identified in the case study.
        • Describe the factors that contributed to the problem or issue and explain how they contributed.
    • Apply academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of the case. 
      • In addition to the readings provided, use the Capella library to locate at least one academic peer-reviewed journal article relevant to the problem or issue that you can use to support your analysis of the situation. The How Do I Find Peer-Reviewed Articles? library guide will help you locate appropriate references  .
        • Cite and apply key principles from the journal article as evidence to support your critical thinking and analysis of the ethical problem or issue.
    • Discuss the effectiveness of the communication approaches present in a case study.
      • Describe how the health care professional in the case study communicated with others.
      • Assess instances where the professional communicated effectively or ineffectively.
      • Explain which communication approaches should be used and which ones should be avoided.
      • Describe the consequences of using effective and non-effective communication approaches.
    • Discuss the effectiveness of the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical practice in a case study.
      • Describe the actions taken in response to the ethical dilemma or issue presented in the case study.
      • Summarize how well the professional managed professional responsibilities and priorities to resolve the problem or issue in the case.
      • Discuss the key lessons this case provides for health care professionals.
    • Apply ethical principles to a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study.
      • Describe the proposed solution.
      • Discuss how the approach makes this professional more effective or less effective in building relationships across disciplines within his or her organization.
      • Discuss how likely it is the proposed solution will foster professional collaboration.
    • Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
      • Apply the principles of effective composition.
      • Determine the proper application of the rules of grammar and mechanics.
    • Write using APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.
      • Determine the proper application of APA formatting requirements and scholarly writing standards.
      • Integrate information from outside sources into academic writing by appropriately quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing, following APA style.

Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:

Additional Requirements

Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

  • Length: 3–5 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.
    • Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
    • Written communication: Use correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
    • References: Integrate information from outside sources to include at least two references (the case study and an academic peer-reviewed journal article) and three in-text citations within the paper.
    • APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.

If you would like assistance in organizing your assessment, or if you simply have a question about your assessment, do not hesitate to ask faculty or the teaching assistants in the NHS Learner Success Lab for guidance and suggestions.

Note: Faculty may use the Writing Feedback Tool when grading this assessment. The Writing Feedback Tool is designed to provide you with guidance and resources to develop your writing based on five core skills. You will find writing feedback in the Scoring Guide for the assessment, once your work has been evaluated.

·         https://courserooma.capella.edu/images/ci/icons/generic_updown.gifScoring Guide

Scoring Guide

Use the scoring guide to understand how your assessment will be evaluated.

View Scoring Guide

Applying Ethical Principles Scoring Guide

Applying Ethical Principles Scoring Guide
Criteria Non-performance Basic Proficient Distinguished
Summarize the facts in a case study and use the three components of an ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it.Does not summarize the facts in a case study or use the three components of an ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it.Inadequately summarizes the facts in a case study or incompletely uses the three components of an ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it.Summarizes the facts in a case study and uses the three components of an ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it.Summarizes the facts in a case study and uses the three components of an ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it. Supports the reasoning with examples from scholarly readings.
Apply academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of the case.Does not apply academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of the case.Identifies academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence but does not apply them to support an analysis of the case.Applies academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of the case.Applies academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of the case, and explains how the chosen articles support the analysis.
Discuss the effectiveness of the communication approaches present in a case study.Does not discuss the effectiveness of the communication approaches present in a case study.Describes the communication approaches present in a case study but does not discuss their effectiveness.Discusses the effectiveness of the communication approaches present in a case study.Discusses the effectiveness of the communication approaches present in a case study, explaining which approaches should be used more and which should be avoided.
Discuss the effectiveness of the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical practice in a case study.Does not discuss the effectiveness of the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical practice in a case study.Describes the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical practice in a case study but does not discuss its effectiveness.Discusses the effectiveness of the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical practice in a case study.Discusses the effectiveness of the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical practice in a case study, and describes consequences of using effective and non-effective approaches.
Apply ethical principles to a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study.Does not apply ethical principles to a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study.Identifies ethical principles involved in a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study but does not apply them.Applies ethical principles to a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study.Applies ethical principles to a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study, and explains how the proposed solution is based in ethical principles.
Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.Does not write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.Writes clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics with some errors and lapses.Writes clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.Writes clearly and logically, using evidence to support a central idea, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics; and ensures the paper contains supporting examples for the main points.
Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.Does not write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.Writes following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references with some errors and lapses.Writes following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.Writes following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references without errors, and uses current reference sources.
https://media.capella.edu/CourseMedia/nhs4000element18655/transcript.asp

Incident 10: To Vaccinate, or Not?

Jenna and Chris Smith are the proud parents of Ana, a 5–day–old baby girl born without complications at Community Hospital. Since delivery, the parents have bonded well with Ana and express their desire to raise her as naturally as possible. For the Smiths, this means breastfeeding exclusively for the first six months, making their own baby food using pureed organic foods, and not allowing Ana to be vaccinated.

The Smiths are college educated and explain they have researched vaccines and decided the potential harms caused by them far outweigh any benefits. They point to the rise in autism rates as proof of the unforeseen risk of vaccines. Their new pediatrician, Dr. Angela Kerr, listens intently to the Smiths’ description of their research, including online mommy–blogs that detail how vaccines may have caused autism in many children. The Smiths conclude by resolutely stating they’ve decided not to vaccinate Ana, despite the recommendations of the medical community.

Dr. Kerr begins by stating that while vaccines have certainly sparked controversy in recent years, she strongly recommends that Ana become fully vaccinated. Dr. Kerr explains that vaccines have saved the lives of millions of children worldwide and have been largely responsible for decreases in child mortality over the past century. For example, the decreased incidence of infection with the potentially fatal Haemophilus influenzae type b, has resulted from routine immunization against that bacterium. Similarly, epidemics such as the recent outbreak of measles are usually associated with individuals who have not been vaccinated against that pathogen.

Dr. Kerr goes on to endorse the general safety of vaccines by informing Ana’s parents that safety profiles of vaccines are updated regularly through data sources such as the federal government’s Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). The VAERS, a nationwide vaccine safety surveillance program sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is accessible to the public at https://vaers.hhs.gov/index. This system allows transparency for vaccine safety by encouraging the public and healthcare providers to report adverse reactions to vaccines and enables the federal government to monitor their safety. No vaccine has been proven casual for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or any developmental disorder. On the contrary, many studies have shown that vaccines containing thimerasol, an ingredient once thought to cause autism, do not increase the risk of ASD.

Finally, Dr. Kerr reminds the Smiths that some children in the general population have weakened immune systems because of genetic diseases or cancer treatment, for example. It may not be medically feasible to vaccinate such children. Other children are too young to receive certain immunizations. Instead, these children are protected because almost all other children (and adults) have been vaccinated and this decreases their exposure to vaccine–preventable illnesses (VPIs). This epidemiological concept is known as “herd immunity.” As more parents refuse immunization for their healthy children, however, the rate of VPIs will increase. This puts vulnerable children at significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Routine childhood immunization contributes significantly to the health of the general public, both by providing a direct benefit to those who are vaccinated and by protecting others via herd immunity. Dr. Kerr concludes by stating that after considering the risks versus the benefits of immunization, most states require vaccinations before children can attend school. Parents may decide not to vaccinate under specific circumstances, however, which vary by state.

Jenna and Chris Smith confirm their understanding of what Dr. Kerr has explained, but restate that they do not want Ana vaccinated at this time. Dr. Kerr is perplexed as to what to do.


References

In Darr, K., In Farnsworth, T. J., & In Myrtle, R. C. (2017). Cases in health services management.


Credits

Subject Matter Expert: Diane Dayson

Interactive Design: Prathap Muthyala Penchalaiah

Instructional Design: Carolyn Dube

Project Manager: Sue Cracraft

ANSWER

The need to provide quality healthcare continues to necessitate healthcare reforms in the US. Many policies have therefore been put in place by both the State and Federal agencies to advance such healthcare reforms. The result is the provision of care that respects patients, and all measures must improve health care delivery. To this end, healthcare professionals are under ethical and moral obligation to ensure they deliver quality care. Such principles and values dictate that healthcare decisions have to be fair, equitable as well as defensible. Additionally, every healthcare setting has established ethical codes of conduct that professionals must adhere to as they guarantee care. The four principles of healthcare ethics that healthcare practitioners must adhere to include autonomy that describes the right for patients to decide their medical care, beneficence that calls for healthcare providers to do everything for the benefit of the patient, justice which describes an element of fairness and non-maleficence that is balancing benefits of treatment and the risks or costs involved. This task will critically evaluate a case study that details an example of an ethical dilemma that healthcare professionals must contend with.

Overview of the case study The selected case study is incident 10: “To vaccinate or not?” The study is about proud parents who are academically literate and hence can-do independent research on an emerging healthcare concern. Jenna and Chris who are the proud parents to their five-day old daughter wish to raise her in the most natural way possible. They desire to breastfeed their child exclusively and subject her to feeds made from organic products. Lastly, they don’t wish to have her | PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AT writtask.com | of not allowing vaccination is the most notable one, which they argue has been occasioned by research. According to them, the continued use of vaccines is the leading cause of autism. Using online mommy blogs…

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