ESSAY : How is each domain different from the other two and what similarities are there between the three Domains of Life

There are some significant differences in the mechanisms of translation in the three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya). How is each domain different from the other two and what similarities are there between the three Domains of Life

SAMPLE SOLUTION

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Differences
The main difference between Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya is based on the underlying genetic code of the components of ribosomes. Archaea differs from bacteria in that they have different genetic code of rRNA which shows that they evolved differently. They also have different gene encodings and different proteins (Eme, Spang, Lombard, Stairs & Ettema, 2017). The genome sequencing of archaea shows genes which resembles eukaryotes more than it resembles bacteria. In bacteria, the translation process happens in the cytosol where the small subunits of the ribosome binds to the tRNA while in eukarya, it occurs in the cytosol or still across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum through co-translational translocation.
In eukaryotes, translation starts by tRNA carrying methionine getting attached to smaller sub units of the ribosomes. They then move together and gets bound on 5’ end of the mRNA and then move along the mRNA in the direction of the 3’. This motion stops once the two reach start codon which in most cases the first AUG (O’Donnell, Langston…