1. PICOT/Research question Submission :

1. PICOT/Research question Submission : This should include the full statement of the research question, followed by a table that clarify the P,I,C,O,T in your proposed study.

It most look like this format: but this is the example the instructor gave I can not use this.

PICOT/Research question
In adult patients 65 years and older diagnosed with diabetes mellitus admitted to Inova Fairfax Hospital medical units, how effective are the use of dietary supplements such as cinnamon compared to medications such as insulin therapy/oral hypoglycemic in the prevention of diabetic complications within one year period?
PICOT TABLE
P Adult patients 65 years and older with diabetes admitted to Inova Fairfax Hospital medical units.
Age is one of the most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes with a high prevalence in older age groups. Selvin and Parrinello (2013), pointed out that in the USA adults aged 65 or older, had 20% or more than eight times higher prevalence of being diagnosed diabetes in 2011 than the prevalence among adults 18 to 44 years of age (2.4% prevalence).

I Dietary supplements like cinnamon.
It is believed that Dietary supplements like cinnamon help patients to control blood glucose. As mentioned by Hasanzade et al., (2013), traditional herbs and spices such as Ròu Guì and Cinnamomum cassia are commonly used for control of glucose among has the greatest effect. They also added that adding cinnamon to diet can help to lower the glucose level. Studies revealed that spices such as cinnamon (Ròu Guì; Cinnamomum cassia), and carnation, walnut, green tea, and mint have similar effects with insulin action in terms
By SN Ijeoma Amaoji – T2 2020
of reduction of sugar level and the most active of them is cinnamon
(Hasanzade et al., 2013).

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C Insulin/Oral hypoglycemic medications.
Insulin alone or in addition to oral glycemic medications are universally used to treat /manage diabetes due to their ability to bring down blood sugar levels. Research has shown that insulin offers a unique ability to control hyperglycemia, when used from the time of diagnosis in some circumstances and when metabolic control is disturbed by medical illness, procedures, or therapy, and also being used in the longer term ( Home et al., 2014).

O Prevention of diabetic complications. The ultimate goal of diabetes management is prevention of long-term complications. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to a number of short and long-term health complications, including hypoglycemia, heart disease, nerve damage and amputation, and vision problems. According to Vinik & Vinik (2003), chronic complications can be devastating to patients with diabetes mellitus. The major cause of morbidity and mortality among these patients, are the complications like Cardiovascular illness, macrovascular disease, with heart attacks, strokes,
and gangrene; and microvascular disease, with retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy (P. 571).

T Within one year of being diagnosed.
In most cases, people are diabetic for quite a while without knowing before receiving the actual diagnosis for it. Complications are said to begin to develop after having diabetes for a number of years. I chose the time of one year in consideration to the actual length of time they must have developed diabetes without knowing. There are no set time frame for complications to start occurring. It all depends on how uncontrolled the management has been. The duration of diabetes and the degree of glycemic control achieved are noted to be risk factors for complications (Nickerson & Dutta, 2012).

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References
Selvin, E., & Parrinello, C. M. (2013). Age-related differences in glycemic control in diabetes.
Diabetologia, 56(12), 2549–2551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-013-3078-7
Hasanzade, F., Toliat, M., Emami, S. A., & Emamimoghaadam, Z. (2013). The Effect of
Cinnamon on Glucose of Type II Diabetes Patients. Journal of traditional and complementary
medicine, 3(3), 171–174. https://doi.org/10.4103/2225-4110.114900
Home, P., Riddle, M., Cefalu, W. T., Bailey, C. J., Bretzel, R. G., Del Prato, S., Leroith, D.,
Schernthaner, G., van Gaal, L., & Raz, I. (2014). Insulin therapy in people with type 2 diabetes:
opportunities and challenges? Diabetes care, 37(6), 1499–1508. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-
2743
Vinik, A. I., & Vinik, E. (2003). Prevention of the complications of diabetes. The American
journal of managed care, 9(3 Suppl), S63–S84. Retrieved from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12653455/
Nickerson, H. D., & Dutta, S. (2012). Diabetic complications: current challenges and
opportunities. Journal of cardiovascular translational research, 5(4), 375–379.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-012-9388-1

SAMPLE SOLUTION

There is a significant correlation between hand hygiene and hospital acquired infections. Hand hygiene has been shown to be a remarkable way through which practitioners can help reduce the spread of hospital acquired infections. Despite the level of knowledge healthcare providers have regarding the said correlation, most providers don’t adhere to the set hygiene protocols resulting in the spread of healthcare-associated infections which affect at least 1 in every 31 hospital patients on a | GET AN EXPERT FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT / sensitization programs have been shown to be effective in helping to improve the compliance of healthcare providers and consequently the reduction of hospital acquired infections as depicted in the PICOT question.
PICOT
The PICOT question is for healthcare providers working at the ICU setting, does | GET AN EXPERT FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT / use of education and sensitization programs on effective hand washing skills compared to the lack of such intervention measures result in the reduction of hospital acquired…